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Tafkheem letters are the weight in the Mufakham (heavy) letter’s body, thus when it is said, the mouth echoes or reverberates.
The letters of Isti’laa (the letters that rise up high) are also known as the letters of Tafkheem or the hefty letters. This indicates that when pronouncing these letters, the tongue is raised, leaving a space between the floor of the mouth and the roof of the mouth (the soft palate). This makes it possible for the heaviness and reverberation to happen.
The Tafkheem and Tarqeeq norms are a set of guidelines for how Tajweed letters should be pronounced in the Quran. Muraqqa (Light) letters predominate, while Mufakham (Heavy) letters are less common. The position and Haraka of some letters can determine whether they are Mufakham (heavy) or Muraqaq (light).
Let’s know about Tafkheem’s letters and Tarqeeq
Tafkheem letters
Tafkheem letters and Tarqeeq: The letters of the Arabic alphabet are categorized into three groups based on
whether they are heavy or light (“Tarqeeq letters”): letters that are always heavy, letters that are always light (“Tarqeeq letters”),
and letters that are occasionally both heavy and light (“Tafkheem letters”).
Tafkheem (Heavy Letters) is a linguistic term for thickness and heaviness. When saying it, the mouth is filled with its echo because Tafkheem and thickening have the same meaning idiomatically. It is a state of strength and weight related to the letter.
Tarqeeq (Light Letters) is Arabic for thinning. When pronouncing a letter, the idiom states that it should be thin and light so that the mouth won’t be filled with its echo.
In the Arabic alphabet, seven letters always carry a lot of weight. They are arranged according to the Arabic acronym ( ). Regardless of the situation, they are always bulky (carrying a fatha, dammah, sukun, or kasrah). In every case, these letters are substantial.
What are the Tafkheem letters?
Tafkheem commands. Tareeq Laws
The condition of what comes before the letter alif (ا) is followed by it. The alif (ا) will be heavy if the letter before it is heavy. Examples include the following:قال As qaf is a heavy letter, this alif () will also be hefty.
(This alif (ا) will be weighty because the letter “Dhaad” is substantial.)
Tareeq Laws
The condition of what comes before the letter alif (ا) is followed by it. The alif (ا) will be heavy if the letter before it is heavy. Examples include the following: Because qaf is a hefty letter, this alif (ا) will be weighty.
Because Dhaad is a heavy letter, this alif (ا) will be heavy. If the letter before the alif (ا) is light, the alif (ا) will also be light.
How many letters of Tafkheem are there?
Unless it is preceded by a dammah or a fatha in the name of Allah, the letter laam (ل) is always light. or when you begin reciting with it; in these situations, it is weighty or mufakham, like in the following example:”عبدُ الله”
Tareeq Laws Although Tafkheem and Tarqeeq are the centers of the laam () stated in the Holy Qur’an, Tarqeeq is the genesis of laam (ل). If it follows an intentional kasrah or an unintentional kasrah, it is also light in the name of Allah. Some examples are as follows: “بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ””قُلِ ٱللَّهُمَّ”
What are the degrees of Tafkheem?
Distinct Tajweed schools have distinct Tafkheem levels. There are different schools of thought on the number of levels of Tafkheem, with one claiming there are three levels and the other saying there are five.
Here, we’ll talk about the five-level school. These levels are given below in decreasing order:
- A lengthy Alif (Alif Maddiyya) follows a heavy Fatha in the letter.
- A large letter bearing the word Fatha
- A large letter with the letter Damma
- A large letter containing the letter Kasra
- A large letter with a Sukoon
We suggest listening to the Arabic pronunciation of Tafkheem letters in various Tafkheem levels on YouTube.
Examples of tafkheem letters
The Arabic alphabet is divided into three groups based on their weight (“Tafkheem letters”) or light (“Tarqeeq letters”): letters that are consistently heavy (“Tafkheem letters”), letters that are consistently light (“Tarqeeq letters”), and letters that are occasionally both heavy and light (“Tafkheem letters”).
The Arabic word for thickness and weight is tafkheem (Heavy Letters). Tafkheem and thickening have the same idiomatic meaning, therefore uttering it causes the mouth to fill with its echo.
The posterior tongue should be elevated to the soft palate on the roof of the mouth, more space should be left between the roof and the bottom of the mouth, and pressure should be concentrated on the roof of the mouth to give a letter the tafkheem feature.
Its actual definition: It is a weight that enters the letter’s body, causing the echo of that weight to fill the mouth.
The levels of exaltation and grace among the scholars of Tajweed
The study of amplification and attenuation is one of the sections of the science of recitation and intonation. It defines amplification linguistically as “fattening and thickening” and idiomatically as “thickening or fattening the letter, by making it fat in the infinitive and in the adjective strong”, and tariqat linguistically as “thinning, the opposite of thick and thick”, and defines idiomatically as “salting” in the letter, by making it thin in the director and in the adjective weak.”
The ranks of exaltation and attrition according to the scholars of intonation have no degrees in absolute terms. As for the exaltation, the scholars of intonation differed in its ranks, some of them said that there are three, and others are five
and it is most likely that exaltation has four ranks, arranged from strong to weak, as follows: the letter of exaltation is open after it, like “alif”, and is followed by the open r before the A thousand is like “satisfied”. The consonantal exclamation letter should not be followed by an alif such as “hit”, and it should be followed by a consonantal exclamation letter preceded by a consonant letter such as “tam’an”.
Read more: What is Tajweed & How Much Time Is Needed to Learn Tajweed?
Conclusion
Among the most significant Tajweed laws are Tafkheem and Tarqeeq. They are connected to the characteristics of Istifal or Isti’la.
Letters tend to be either light or heavy, with the majority being light. Additionally, depending on the context, some letters have characteristics of both Tafkheem and Tarqeeq.